How to take care of a cactus succulent? This guide delves into the fascinating world of these spiky beauties, offering practical tips for nurturing their unique needs. From understanding their origins to mastering the art of propagation, we’ll cover everything you need to know to ensure your succulents thrive.
This comprehensive guide provides a detailed look at the key aspects of cactus and succulent care. We’ll explore everything from optimal light conditions to appropriate watering techniques, soil types, and the best methods for propagation and repotting. Discover the secrets to keeping these resilient plants healthy and happy, whether you’re a seasoned gardener or just starting out.
Introduction to Succulents and Cacti
Succulents and cacti, often mistaken for each other, are fascinating plant families with unique adaptations to arid environments. These drought-tolerant beauties, with their diverse shapes and colors, have captivated plant enthusiasts for centuries. Understanding their distinct characteristics and care requirements is key to thriving success in cultivating these desert gems.These remarkable plants have evolved extraordinary mechanisms for conserving water, allowing them to flourish in harsh, often unforgiving conditions.
Their unique structures, from thick, fleshy leaves to spiny defenses, showcase the power of adaptation in the natural world. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or a curious novice, delving into the world of succulents and cacti promises a rewarding journey.
Defining Succulents and Cacti
Succulents and cacti are both part of the broader category of drought-tolerant plants. Succulents, generally, have fleshy leaves, stems, or roots designed to store water. Cacti, a specialized group of succulents, typically have modified leaves that have evolved into spines. This adaptation reduces water loss through transpiration. While both thrive in well-drained soils and prefer ample sunlight, cacti are more robust in extreme conditions.
Their spines often serve as a deterrent to herbivores. Distinguishing between them is often a simple observation of leaf structure.
General Care Principles
Proper care is crucial for the well-being of succulents and cacti. Key elements include providing the right amount of sunlight, appropriate watering, and suitable soil composition. These factors play a significant role in their overall health and growth. A balance of these factors is critical for success in cultivation.
Historical Context
Succulents and cacti have been cultivated for centuries, primarily in regions with arid climates. Early civilizations, like those in the Americas and the Middle East, recognized their resilience and decorative value. Today, their popularity continues to grow globally, with diverse varieties available for gardeners worldwide. The historical cultivation of succulents and cacti is testament to their enduring appeal and adaptability.
Basic Needs Comparison
| Plant Type | Light | Water | Soil |
|---|---|---|---|
| Succulents (e.g., Echeveria, Aloe) | Bright, indirect sunlight or full sun | Water thoroughly, allow soil to dry out completely between waterings | Well-draining soil mix, with a blend of cactus potting mix, perlite, and coarse sand |
| Cacti (e.g., Saguaro, Prickly Pear) | Full sun | Water infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out significantly between waterings | Similar to succulents, a well-draining soil mix is crucial |
The table above highlights the core differences in care requirements. Notice how the watering schedule and light exposure are crucial factors to consider. The table demonstrates the need for specialized care based on specific plant types.
Light Requirements
Succulents and cacti, those desert dwellers of the plant world, have evolved to thrive in diverse light conditions. Understanding their specific light needs is crucial for their health and happiness. Knowing how much sun they need helps you keep your plants vibrant and prevents them from becoming etiolated (leggy and weak) or suffering sunburn.Sunlight is the primary energy source for photosynthesis in these plants.
Different types have adapted to various levels of light intensity, from the scorching heat of the midday sun to the dappled shade of a forest floor. By providing the right amount of light, you’re essentially mimicking their natural habitat, fostering their natural growth patterns.
Ideal Light Conditions for Different Types
Different succulent and cactus varieties have specific light preferences. Some love the full glare of the sun, while others prefer a more gentle touch of light. Understanding these preferences is key to ensuring healthy growth and preventing issues like stretching or burning. A crucial aspect of proper care involves providing the appropriate light environment.
- Many succulents and cacti, like the prickly pear or various echeverias, thrive in full sun. They require at least six hours of direct sunlight each day to produce vibrant colors and strong stems.
- Partial shade is ideal for plants like some types of sedums or certain jade plants. These plants appreciate bright, indirect light, or filtered sunlight, allowing them to grow without experiencing harsh direct sun exposure. They perform best in locations that receive some direct sunlight, but also provide periods of shade.
- Some species, like certain types of Haworthia, prefer low light conditions. They tolerate lower light levels and can do well indoors near a window that receives indirect light. They can still grow under dimmer conditions, but will need less frequent watering.
Determining Sufficient Light
Observing your plants can tell you a lot about their light needs. Look for signs of healthy growth, such as vibrant colors, firm stems, and a compact form. Over time, a plant not receiving enough light may exhibit signs of etiolation, becoming stretched out and leggy.
- Plants receiving sufficient light typically exhibit healthy foliage color and shape. Their stems will appear sturdy, and they will have a compact growth habit. They’ll have a lush appearance.
- Insufficient light can cause plants to become leggy and elongated. Their colors may become pale, and their growth rate will slow. Signs of etiolation can include spindly stems and a lack of vigor.
- Conversely, too much direct sunlight can lead to scorched or burned leaves. The leaves might exhibit brown or white spots, and the overall appearance will suffer. A browning of the edges or the tips of leaves signals potential sunburn.
Direct vs. Indirect Sunlight
Direct sunlight provides intense energy, crucial for photosynthesis. However, excessive direct sunlight can lead to scorching, particularly for plants not accustomed to it. Indirect light, while less intense, still provides the necessary light for photosynthesis.
- Direct sunlight offers the maximum light intensity for photosynthesis, but requires careful monitoring to avoid scorching. Direct sun exposure often produces vibrant colors in many varieties.
- Indirect sunlight, while less intense, is still sufficient for photosynthesis. It’s often the best option for plants that aren’t used to strong direct sunlight or for indoor plants. This helps prevent the burning of leaves.
Adjusting Light Conditions
Positioning plants for the right amount of light is important for both indoor and outdoor succulents. Outdoor plants can be moved to shade or partial sun depending on the intensity of the sun. Indoor plants benefit from being placed near a sunny window or using grow lights to mimic the intensity of sunlight.
| Light Condition | Suitable Plant Types |
|---|---|
| Full Sun (6+ hours direct sunlight) | Prickly pear, many Echeverias, some Sedums |
| Partial Shade (3-6 hours direct sunlight) | Jade plants, some Sedums, certain types of Haworthia |
| Low Light (less than 3 hours direct sunlight) | Haworthia, some types of Gasteria |
Watering Techniques
Giving your succulents and cacti the right amount of water is crucial for their health and happiness. Think of it like giving a tiny desert plant a sip from a tiny desert spring – you want to be precise and thoughtful. Just like us, they don’t like to be drowned or parched. The right watering techniques are the key to keeping these fascinating plants thriving.Proper watering goes beyond just drenching the soil.
It’s about understanding the specific needs of each plant and the environment in which it lives. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while underwatering can cause the plant to shrivel and become stressed. Finding the sweet spot is the art of succulent and cactus care.
Importance of Proper Watering
Proper watering techniques are essential for the overall health of succulents and cacti. These techniques prevent overwatering and underwatering, which can lead to various issues. Consistent and thoughtful watering promotes strong root systems and healthy growth. A well-watered plant is a happy plant, displaying vibrant colors and a robust appearance.
Watering Frequency
The frequency of watering depends on several factors. The type of plant, the size of the pot, and the surrounding environmental conditions all play a significant role. A small succulent in a shallow pot will need less water than a larger cactus in a deep container during the hot summer months.
Watering Methods
Different methods of watering can affect the plant’s health. Bottom watering is a popular choice, where you place the pot in a tray of water. This allows the soil to absorb water gradually and thoroughly. Top watering, where you pour water directly onto the soil, is another common approach. Choosing the right method is vital for successful care.
- Bottom Watering: Submerging the pot in water allows the soil to absorb moisture evenly, reducing the risk of overwatering the top layer and promoting consistent hydration. This method is particularly beneficial for larger plants or those with more extensive root systems. For example, a large agave in a wide pot may require this technique to ensure the roots are adequately hydrated.
- Top Watering: This involves pouring water directly onto the soil. Be sure to allow excess water to drain from the pot to prevent waterlogging. This method works well for smaller plants in shallow pots.
Avoiding Overwatering and Underwatering
Overwatering leads to waterlogging, which can suffocate the roots and cause them to rot. Underwatering, on the other hand, can stress the plant, causing it to lose its vibrant appearance and eventually die. Knowing when and how much to water is a crucial aspect of successful succulent and cactus care.
- Overwatering: Signs of overwatering include yellowing or mushy leaves, and a general decline in plant health. Ensure the pot has proper drainage to prevent water from pooling. Use your finger to check the soil moisture before watering. If the top inch or two of soil is dry, it’s time to water.
- Underwatering: Signs of underwatering include wilting, shriveled leaves, and a general appearance of stress. Make sure the soil is consistently moist, but not waterlogged. Avoid overwatering and allow the soil to dry slightly between waterings.
Watering Schedule Table
The table below provides a general guideline for watering schedules based on plant type and environmental conditions. Remember, these are just starting points. Adjust based on your specific plants and local climate.
| Plant Type | Environmental Conditions (e.g., Season, Humidity) | Watering Schedule |
|---|---|---|
| Small Succulents (e.g., Sedum) | Mild Climate, Low Humidity | Water every 2-3 weeks |
| Larger Succulents (e.g., Echeveria) | Hot, Dry Summer | Water every 1-2 weeks |
| Cacti (e.g., Barrel Cactus) | Desert Climate, Extremely Dry | Water sparingly, every 4-6 weeks |
| Small Succulents (e.g., Sedum) | Hot, Dry Summer | Water every week |
Soil and Potting Mix: How To Take Care Of A Cactus Succulent
Giving your succulents and cacti the perfect home starts with the right soil. It’s more than just dirt; it’s a crucial element for their thriving. The right mix promotes excellent drainage, mimicking their natural desert habitats. A well-chosen potting mix ensures your plants are getting the essential nutrients and the vital air circulation they need to flourish.A healthy potting mix is akin to a well-designed support system for your desert dwellers.
It needs to allow water to drain away quickly, preventing root rot, a common enemy of these resilient plants. Different types of succulents and cacti have slightly varying needs, and a knowledgeable understanding of these nuances will allow you to create a bespoke soil mix for each.
Ideal Soil Composition
A well-draining soil mix is paramount for succulents and cacti. These desert-adapted plants need a soil that allows water to pass through quickly, preventing waterlogging. A crucial component of this ideal soil is a significant proportion of porous materials, such as perlite or pumice. These materials create air pockets within the soil, encouraging excellent root aeration and preventing root rot.
A crucial aspect of this ideal mix is a good balance of organic matter, such as compost, to enrich the soil.
Importance of Well-Draining Soil
Root rot is a major threat to succulents and cacti. When water sits around the roots, it deprives them of the oxygen they need to breathe. This can lead to fungal infections and ultimately, plant death. Well-draining soil is the key to preventing this. A good rule of thumb is to make sure the water drains from the pot within a few minutes.
This prevents the roots from sitting in soggy soil.
Suitable Potting Mixes
Different succulents and cacti have slightly different needs. For example, a fast-growing variety might benefit from a slightly more nutrient-rich mix. A good rule of thumb is to use a well-draining mix composed of a combination of materials. These might include perlite, pumice, coarse sand, and small amounts of peat moss or other organic matter.
Comparison of Soil Types
Different soil types have varying effects on plant health. Heavy clay soils retain water, which is detrimental to succulents and cacti. Sandy soils drain too quickly, potentially leaving the plants dehydrated. The ideal mix combines the benefits of both, ensuring proper drainage and adequate moisture retention. A balance is key.
The right blend of materials ensures the soil provides optimal drainage and aeration while retaining just the right amount of moisture.
Soil Suitability Table, How to take care of a cactus succulent
| Plant Type | Ideal Soil Composition | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Slow-growing cacti | High proportion of coarse sand, perlite, and pumice | Promotes excellent drainage, preventing waterlogging |
| Fast-growing succulents | Balanced mix of perlite, pumice, coarse sand, and organic matter | Provides a good balance of drainage and nutrients |
| Epiphytic succulents | Loose, airy mix with high proportion of perlite and pumice, small amount of orchid bark | Mimics their natural environment, supporting excellent drainage and aeration |
Temperature and Humidity
Keeping your succulents and cacti happy involves more than just light and water. Temperature and humidity play a crucial role in their well-being, affecting everything from growth rate to overall health. Understanding these factors will help you provide the optimal environment for your desert dwellers to thrive.
Optimal Temperature Ranges
Temperature is a significant factor influencing the health and growth of succulents and cacti. Different species have varying tolerances, and maintaining the appropriate temperature range is essential for their success. A fluctuating temperature can cause stress, leading to slowed growth, discoloration, or even death. Knowing the ideal temperature for each variety is crucial for success.
- Many succulents and cacti thrive in warm, sunny environments. The ideal temperature range typically falls between 65-85°F (18-29°C). However, some species can tolerate slightly higher or lower temperatures for short periods. A consistent temperature is best for optimal growth.
- Species like
-Echeveria* and
-Sedum* generally prefer warmer temperatures. They do well in conditions with average summer highs around 80-90°F (27-32°C) and average winter lows around 40-50°F (4-10°C). - On the other hand,
-Opuntia* cacti and
-Mammillaria* often prefer cooler nights and lower temperatures in the winter. They might thrive with winter temperatures in the 30s-50s°F (0-10°C).
Temperature Fluctuations
Sudden changes in temperature can be stressful for succulents and cacti. The rapid shift can disrupt their internal processes, causing damage to their tissues and potentially triggering diseases. Consistent temperatures are paramount. Avoiding temperature extremes is key to their survival.
Ideal Humidity Levels
Succulents and cacti are adapted to arid climates. They generally prefer low humidity environments. High humidity can promote fungal diseases and other issues. Knowing the ideal humidity for your plants is important for preventing these problems.
- Succulents and cacti are generally comfortable with humidity levels below 50%. Higher humidity can lead to issues like fungal growth and rot. Consider the humidity levels in your region and make adjustments to ensure your plants are in a healthy environment.
- In areas with naturally high humidity, placing your plants in a well-ventilated area or using a dehumidifier can help manage the humidity level and protect your plants.
Protection from Extremes
Protecting your succulents and cacti from extreme temperatures and drafts is crucial for their health. Direct exposure to freezing temperatures can cause frost damage, while excessive heat can lead to scorching.
- Bringing your plants indoors during cold snaps is a great way to prevent damage from frost. Avoid sudden temperature drops.
- Place your plants in a spot that’s sheltered from direct, strong winds and drafts. These can dehydrate and harm the plants.
Summary Table
| Species Type | Optimal Temperature Range (°F) | Ideal Humidity (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Echeveria, Sedum | 65-90°F (18-32°C) | Below 50% |
| Opuntia, Mammillaria | 30-80°F (0-27°C) | Below 50% |
| Other Succulents/Cacti | 55-85°F (13-29°C) | Below 50% |
Fertilizing
Giving your succulents and cacti a little extra love in the form of fertilizer can boost their growth and vibrancy. Just like humans need nutrients, these desert dwellers benefit from a carefully chosen meal. The key is understanding what they need and how much.Proper fertilization is a crucial part of maintaining healthy and thriving succulents and cacti. It provides the essential nutrients that these plants require for optimal growth, bloom production, and overall well-being.
Just like you wouldn’t feed your pet dog table scraps, you need to select the right fertilizer to avoid harming your plants.
Choosing the Right Fertilizer
Fertilizers for succulents and cacti should be formulated for these specific plant types. A general-purpose fertilizer might contain too much nitrogen, which can lead to leggy growth and reduced flowering in these plants. Look for fertilizers specifically designed for succulents and cacti, or those labeled as “low-nitrogen” formulas. These formulations will provide the proper balance of nutrients.
Nutrient Content
The ideal fertilizer should contain a balanced blend of macro-nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The ratio of these nutrients is crucial. A fertilizer with a balanced NPK ratio (e.g., 10-10-10) is a good starting point. A slightly higher phosphorus content (e.g., 10-20-10) can encourage blooming, while a higher potassium content (e.g., 10-10-20) supports overall plant health and stress tolerance.
Frequency and Timing
Fertilizing should be done regularly during the growing season (spring and summer) and less frequently, or not at all, during the dormant period (fall and winter). This timing aligns with the natural growth cycle of these plants. A general guideline is to fertilize every 2-4 weeks during the active growing season.
Examples of Suitable Fertilizers
Various fertilizers are available in liquid, granular, and slow-release forms. A well-balanced liquid fertilizer formulated for succulents and cacti is an excellent option. Granular or slow-release fertilizers can also be effective, providing a consistent nutrient supply. Be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application rates.
Comparison of Fertilizer Types
| Fertilizer Type | NPK Ratio (e.g., 10-10-10) | Application Rate | Suitable for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liquid Fertilizer | Variable | Follow manufacturer’s instructions | Various succulents and cacti |
| Granular Fertilizer | Variable | Follow manufacturer’s instructions | Various succulents and cacti |
| Slow-Release Fertilizer | Variable | Follow manufacturer’s instructions | Various succulents and cacti |
Propagation
Unveiling the secrets to multiplying your succulent and cactus collection, propagation is a rewarding journey that allows you to expand your botanical family. From tiny offsets to vibrant cuttings, this process empowers you to share the beauty and resilience of these fascinating plants.Propagating succulents and cacti is a fantastic way to expand your collection and share the joy of these fascinating plants with others.
It’s a surprisingly easy process that rewards you with new plants, often mirroring the parent’s characteristics. This process can be a source of great satisfaction, turning a single plant into a flourishing community.
Methods of Propagation
Propagation methods vary depending on the plant type and the specific characteristics. Understanding these differences is crucial to achieving successful propagation. Different succulents and cacti lend themselves to different propagation techniques.
- Cuttings: A common and effective method, cuttings involve removing a healthy section of the parent plant, typically a stem or leaf. This section is then placed in suitable conditions to encourage root development. Proper cutting selection is key, ensuring the cutting is healthy and free from disease.
- Offsets (Pups): Many succulents and cacti produce offsets, or “pups,” small plants growing from the base of the parent plant. These offsets are often readily separable, offering an uncomplicated propagation approach. Carefully detach the offset from the parent plant, ensuring it has a healthy base.
- Leaf Cuttings: Some succulents reproduce readily through leaf cuttings. A healthy leaf is detached from the parent plant, and the cut surface is allowed to callous over. This method can be ideal for species with easily detachable leaves.
Steps Involved in Propagation
A step-by-step approach is vital for successful propagation. This methodical process ensures the plant has the best chance of thriving.
| Propagation Method | Steps |
|---|---|
| Cuttings |
|
| Offsets |
|
| Leaf Cuttings |
|
Tools Needed for Propagation
Having the right tools can significantly impact the success of propagation. A well-equipped propagation toolkit ensures smooth and efficient work.
- Sharp, clean knife or scissors
- Small pots or propagation trays
- Well-draining propagation mix
- Spray bottle
- Rooting hormone (optional)
Ideal Conditions for Rooting and Growth
Creating an ideal environment is key to successful rooting and growth. Maintaining consistent conditions will encourage your new plants to flourish.
- Temperature: Warm temperatures (70-80°F) are generally ideal for most succulents and cacti.
- Humidity: A humid environment encourages root development. You can achieve this by misting regularly.
- Light: Bright, indirect light is crucial for healthy growth. Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the delicate new growth.
Common Pests and Diseases
Keeping your succulents and cacti happy and healthy often involves a little detective work. Knowing the common culprits behind those wilting leaves or strange growths can help you nip problems in the bud. Just like us, plants can suffer from pests and diseases, but with a bit of vigilance and the right strategies, you can ensure your collection thrives.
Identifying the Troublemakers
Understanding the signs of trouble is key to successful plant care. Common pests include mealybugs, aphids, scale insects, and spider mites. These tiny terrors can suck the life out of your plants, causing distorted growth, sticky residue, and a general decline in health. Diseases like root rot, fungal infections, and bacterial infections can also be insidious, often showing up as discoloration, mushy spots, or abnormal growth patterns.
Early detection is vital.
Preventing Problems
Prevention is often the best medicine, and it starts with good hygiene. Avoid overcrowding your plants, which can lead to increased pest and disease pressure. Ensure proper drainage in your pots to prevent waterlogging, a breeding ground for root rot. Regularly inspect your plants for any unusual signs, such as webbing, sticky residue, or discolored leaves. If you suspect a problem, isolate the affected plant to prevent the spread.
Treating Common Pests and Diseases
A proactive approach can save your succulents. Proper sanitation is essential. Regularly wipe down surfaces where your plants are housed with a solution of mild soap and water to remove any pests or debris. If pests appear, isolate the infected plant and treat it with a suitable insecticidal soap or neem oil. For fungal infections, remove affected plant parts and adjust watering practices.
If the problem persists, consulting a local gardening expert can provide valuable advice and a tailored approach.
Table of Common Pests and Diseases
| Pest/Disease | Symptoms | Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Mealybugs | White, cottony masses on stems and leaves. | Isolate, treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil. |
| Aphids | Small, sucking insects; leaves may curl or become distorted. | Isolate, treat with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil. |
| Spider Mites | Fine webbing on leaves, leaves may turn yellow or brown. | Isolate, treat with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil, increase humidity. |
| Root Rot | Soft, mushy roots, leaves turning yellow or brown, wilting. | Isolate, prune away affected roots, repot in fresh soil, adjust watering schedule. |
| Fungal Infections | Spots or discoloration on leaves, stems, or other parts, fuzzy growth. | Isolate, prune affected parts, adjust watering schedule, use fungicide. |
Early Detection and Action
By establishing a routine of regular inspection and maintaining good plant hygiene, you can often catch problems early. This allows for swift action and minimizes the risk of extensive damage to your collection. Don’t be afraid to ask for help from experienced growers or local gardening centers. A healthy plant is a happy plant, and a happy plant means a happy gardener.
Repotting
Giving your succulents and cacti a new home is a rewarding process, akin to moving into a bigger, better space. Proper repotting ensures they thrive, continuing their journey towards vibrant health and impressive growth. It’s a crucial step in their care, preventing root-bound issues and enabling them to flourish in their new environment.
When to Repot
Succulents and cacti, like all plants, grow and their roots expand. Over time, their root systems may fill the pot, restricting further growth. Recognizing this root-bound condition is essential. A telltale sign is when you see roots growing out of the drainage holes or emerging from the soil surface. This signals that your plant needs a larger home.
Another indicator is if you notice the plant’s growth slowing down or if it’s struggling to maintain its healthy appearance. Regular monitoring of your plants is key to preventing stress and promoting optimal growth.
How to Repot
Repotting involves carefully removing the plant from its current pot, gently inspecting the roots, and then placing it into a new, appropriately sized container. The process should be carried out with care, respecting the plant’s delicate nature. The steps involved are straightforward. First, gather the necessary materials, including the new pot, fresh potting mix, and tools like gloves and a small trowel.
Prepare the new pot by adding a layer of drainage material at the bottom to ensure proper drainage, essential for preventing waterlogging and root rot. Carefully remove the plant from its old pot, gently loosen any clinging soil, and trim any damaged or circling roots. This is critical for promoting new growth and preventing future problems. Fill the new pot with the fresh potting mix, place the plant in the center, and gently fill the remaining space with fresh potting mix.
Finally, water thoroughly and allow excess water to drain completely.
Ideal Pot Size
The appropriate pot size depends heavily on the plant’s size and the extent of its root system. A larger pot isn’t always better; it can lead to overwatering and potential root rot. Young succulents can be successfully potted in smaller containers, while larger specimens may need much larger ones. Consider the plant’s mature size, the root ball’s volume, and the space you want to provide for growth when choosing the right size.
Avoid overpotting, as it may lead to less frequent watering needs, encouraging overwatering and potential root rot.
Drainage Considerations
Proper drainage is critical for the health of your succulents and cacti. Waterlogging is a significant threat, potentially leading to root rot and other issues. To ensure adequate drainage, place a layer of gravel, small stones, or broken pottery shards at the bottom of the pot. This layer will allow excess water to drain away quickly and prevent the soil from becoming waterlogged.
Always use a pot with drainage holes to allow for proper water drainage and avoid issues.
Repotting Guidelines
| Plant Size | Pot Size Recommendation | Potting Mix Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| Small (less than 2 inches diameter) | 2-3 inches diameter | Fast-draining mix, avoid heavy soil. |
| Medium (2-4 inches diameter) | 4-6 inches diameter | Slightly more substantial mix, allowing for growth. |
| Large (4+ inches diameter) | 6+ inches diameter | Well-draining mix, with larger aggregate pieces. |
